Pneumonia as an occupational illness

 To be entitled to compensation and benefits, it is not sufficient to simply establish that the seafarer's pneumonia   has rendered him permanently or partially disabled; it must also be shown that there is a causal connection between the seafarer's illness or injury and the work for which he had been contracted .

It is   a well-known fact that seafaring is one of the most hazardous occupations, in regards to personal health and safety concerns of seafarers. 

Apart from accidents, seafarers are prone to certain serious diseases and health hazards due to the nature of onboard work, change in climatic conditions, type of cargo carried, working hours, materials being handled, epidemic and endemic diseases, personal habits etc. Because of their nature of work, seafarers are bound to visit many ports in different parts of the world and are thus exposed to various pandemic and epidemic diseases. 

      Pneumonia is an infection in one or both lungs. It can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. Pneumonia causes inflammation in the air sacs in your lungs, which are called alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or pus, making it difficult to breathe. 

Pneumonia can be classified according to the organism that caused the infection (Bacterial, Viral, Mycoplasma and Fungal);  where it was acquired (hospital, community) or  how it is acquired (aspiration or ventilator-associated).

The seafarer  is required to prove that: (1) he suffered an illness; (2) he suffered this illness during the term of his employment contract; (3) he complied with the procedures prescribed under Section 20-B; (4) his illness is one of the enumerated occupational disease or that his illness or injury is otherwise work-related.  

A seafarer suffering from any of the  infections   would still have to satisfy four (4) conditions before his or her disease may be compensable: (a) the seafarer's work must involve the risks describe therein; (b)  the disease was contracted as a result of the seafarer's exposure to the described risks;  (c). the disease was contracted within a period of exposure and under such factors necessary to contract it; and (c) there was no notorious negligence on the part of the seafarer.

Since one of the requirement for an illness to be compensable is that the seafarer suffered said illness during the effectivity of the POEA contract, it is imperative that his condition or symptoms  must be documented while he is on board the vessel, such as Pneumonia symptoms can be mild to life-threatening. The most common symptoms of pneumonia can include: coughing that may produce phlegm (mucus); fever, sweating, and chills; shortness of breath and chest pain.    Otherwise, his claim for disability benefits might be denied due to failure to prove that said illness occurred while his contract is still in force.

 The Supreme Court ruled in a case the claimants   failed to adduce substantial evidence showing that the pneumonia, which the seafarer contracted, was caused by tetanus as a result of the burn injury.  There was no medical report which would even show that tetanus was the cause as to why the seafarer suffered pneumonia that eventually caused the death. Crew and Ship Management vs. Soria  G.R. No. 175491; December 10, 2012

The Supreme Court likewise ruled that the causes of  the seafarer's  death, as shown by his death certificate, indicate that pneumonia was simply the final illness that immediately brought about his  death. The long road to pneumonia started from an underlying cause AIDS that rendered him susceptible to the antecedent cause of tuberculosis, and to pneumonia as the immediate cause of death.  No evidence on record shows that seafarer's  working conditions on board as a First Engineer caused the pneumonia that brought on his death two years after he had disembarked from his vessel. (Escarcha vs. Leonis, July 5, 2010,  Gr. No. 182740)